{"id":1212,"date":"2019-11-06T16:31:21","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T20:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ielrblog.com\/?p=1212"},"modified":"2019-11-06T16:31:21","modified_gmt":"2019-11-06T20:31:21","slug":"child-separation-a-factor-for-consideration-in-extradition-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/06\/child-separation-a-factor-for-consideration-in-extradition-case\/","title":{"rendered":"Child Separation: a Factor for Consideration in Extradition Case"},"content":{"rendered":"

On October 28, 2019, the Court of Appeal for British Columbia granted judicial review of a May 18, 2018 order of surrender, authorizing extradition of a Canadian national to the United States to face prosecution for money laundering offenses.\u00a0\u00a0 In Sheck v. Canada,<\/em>[1]<\/sup><\/a> the Court returned the case to the Minister of Justice for reconsideration.\u00a0 Sheck<\/em> had previously been unsuccessful in obtaining a stay of extradition.<\/p>\n

In the written judgment, the Court considered Section 44(1)(a) of the Extradition Act,[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 and\u00a0 questioned whether surrendering Sheck would shock the conscience or be unjust or oppressive in regard to all relevant circumstances.\u201d [3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Justice Griffin states in her judgment that, \u201cExtradition violates the Charter right of Canadian citizens to remain in Canada unless extradition is demonstrably justified as a reasonable limit to this right.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 Some of the factors the Court will consider are the \u201cCotroni factors,\u201d[4]<\/sup><\/a> that include \u201cwhich jurisdiction has a greater link with the crime or a greater ability to prosecute; the nationality and residence of the accused; and the severity of the sentence the accused is likely to receive in each jurisdiction.\u201d<\/p>\n

The judgment cites an earlier case, R. v Gladue<\/em>, [5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 which addressed an obligation pursuant to Canadian law, to pay particular attention to the circumstances of indigenous offenders at sentencing.\u00a0 This provision responded to the over-incarceration of indigenous offenders in Canada.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

The Court accepted the proposition that a person\u2019s indigenous heritage is a relevant factor for the Minister to consider when determining whether surrender would be unjust, oppressive, or contrary to the principles of fundamental justice.<\/p>\n

Ultimately, the Court found that the Minister had made errors that affected the analysis of whether Sheck\u2019s surrender would shock the conscience or be unjust or oppressive:<\/p>\n

\u201cFor the reasons that follow, I find that the Minister failed to properly take into account Mr. Sheck\u2019s Indigenous heritage in three relevant ways, which, when taken cumulatively, are material and could have affected the analysis of whether his surrender would shock the conscience, or be unjust or oppressive:<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Minister concluded without any basis for doing so, that Mr. Sheck\u2019s Indigenous status could be taken into account as a mitigating factor if he was prosecuted and sentenced in the US;<\/em><\/li>\n
  2. The Minister did not consider the likely sentence Mr. Sheck would have received, if convicted of a parallel offence in Canada, considering only the maximum sentence available in Canada; and<\/em><\/li>\n
  3. The Minister did not consider the impact of Mr. Sheck\u2019s separation from his children in the context of his and his children\u2019s common Indigenous heritage.<\/em>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The Court granted the Petition for Review concluding,<\/p>\n

    \u201cHad the Minister considered these factors, she may have concluded that it would shock the conscience, or be unjust or oppressive, to extradite an Indigenous man, separating him from his four Indigenous children, and perpetuating the systemic destruction of Indigenous families and communities, to face a likely sentence in the US of 27 years\u2019 imprisonment that was grossly in excess of a likely Canadian sentence in the range of two to four years\u2019 imprisonment.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

    The Minister of Justice has also been directed to consider additional submissions from Sheck regarding his role, if any, in supporting his children\u2019s cultural and social connections with their indigenous heritage. [7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sheck v. Canada (Minister of Justice), 2019 BCCA 364.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Justice Laws Website https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/E-23.01\/page-5.html#h-213075<\/a> \u00a0(last updated November 5, 2019).<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Scheck supra<\/em> paragraph 29.<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0United States v Cotroni, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1469.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 [1999} 1. S.C.R. 688.<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 718.2 A court that imposes a sentence shall also take into consideration the following principles:……<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. e) all available sanctions, other than imprisonment, that are reasonable in the circumstances and consistent with the harm done to victims or to the community should be considered for all offenders, with particular attention to the circumstances of Aboriginal offenders.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      [7]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sheck at paragraph 107.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      On October 28, 2019, the Court of Appeal for British Columbia granted judicial review of a May 18, 2018 order of surrender, authorizing extradition of a Canadian national to the United States to face prosecution for money laundering offenses.\u00a0\u00a0 In Sheck v. Canada,[1] the Court returned the case to the Minister of Justice for reconsideration.\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1212","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-extradition","7":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nChild Separation: a Factor for Consideration in Extradition Case | IELR Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/06\/child-separation-a-factor-for-consideration-in-extradition-case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Child Separation: a Factor for Consideration in Extradition Case | IELR Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On October 28, 2019, the Court of Appeal for British Columbia granted judicial review of a May 18, 2018 order of surrender, authorizing extradition of a Canadian national to the United States to face prosecution for money laundering offenses.\u00a0\u00a0 In Sheck v. 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