{"id":1643,"date":"2021-06-17T17:03:53","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T21:03:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ielrblog.com\/?p=1643"},"modified":"2021-06-17T17:03:53","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T21:03:53","slug":"interpol-claims-immunity-escapes-judicial-review-of-lack-of-due-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/17\/interpol-claims-immunity-escapes-judicial-review-of-lack-of-due-process\/","title":{"rendered":"INTERPOL Claims Immunity, Escapes Judicial Review of Lack of Due Process"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>by Yuriy L. Nemets<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For many years, repressive political regimes have used INTERPOL as a powerful tool in politically motivated and otherwise corrupt prosecutions. INTERPOL has established a redress mechanism for victims of such abuse. The mechanism, however, lacks due process and is full of loopholes that allow the abuse to continue. Despite numerous calls over the years from advocacy organizations, human rights activists and politicians to carry out all the necessary reforms, INTERPOL has given no indication that it is willing to do so. After all, as a recent decision by a U.S. federal court shows, what incentive does INTERPOL have to fight non-democratic countries if democratic countries are willing to protect it from their own courts?<\/p>\n<p><em>The El Omari Decision<\/em><\/p>\n<p>On May 13 of this year, the District Court for the Eastern District of New York <a href=\"https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/el-omari-v-intl-criminal-police-org\">dismissed<\/a> a lawsuit filed by Oussama El Omari against INTERPOL due to the immunity that the latter enjoys under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/statutes-at-large\/79th-congress\/session-1\/c79s1ch652.pdf\">International Organizations Immunities Act<\/a> (IOIA). The plaintiff, a U.S. citizen, argued that INTERPOL\u2019s issuance and refusal to delete from its databases a Red Notice, a request to locate and provisionally arrest him for the purposes of his extradition, constituted negligent infliction of emotional distress and violated his due process rights under the New York State Constitution. INTERPOL issued the Red Notice at the request of the United Arab Emirates where the plaintiff had been convicted for embezzlement and abuse of power. Prior to filing the lawsuit, El Omari submitted a complaint to INTERPOL requesting that the Red Notice be deleted and a hearing at which he intended to appear with his counsel and an expert witness be scheduled. INTERPOL denied both of El Omari\u2019s requests as well as his subsequent request to reconsider.<\/p>\n<p>IOIA guarantees international organizations \u201cimmunity from suit and every form of judicial process as is enjoyed by foreign governments.\u201d It defines an \u201cinternational organization\u201d as a \u201cpublic international organization in which the United States participates pursuant to any treaty or under the authority of any Act of Congress authorizing such participation or making an appropriation for such participation, and which shall have been designated by the President through appropriate Executive order as being entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities provided in this subchapter.\u201d The District Court concluded that INTERPOL falls under this definition.<\/p>\n<p>In 1983, President Reagan, by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/executive-order-12425-international-criminal-police-organizations\">executive order<\/a>, granted INTERPOL the privileges, exemptions and immunities recognized under IOIA with the exception of inviolability of archives and immunity from search and confiscation of property and assets, customs duties, certain federal taxes and social security payments. In 1995, President Clinton <a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-1995-09-19\/pdf\/95-23423.pdf\">partially reversed<\/a> that order and granted INTERPOL immunity from customs duties and federal importation taxes. In 2009, President Obama <a href=\"https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/executive-order-amending-executive-order-12425\">removed<\/a> the remaining limitations imposed by President Reagan.<\/p>\n<p>The District Court in <em>El Omari v. INTERPOL<\/em> explained that it \u201clacks subject matter jurisdiction and must dismiss a claim where defendant organization is immune from suit.\u201d IOIA guarantees international organizations immunity from lawsuits and courts unless expressly waived \u201cfor the purpose of any proceedings or by the terms of any contract.\u201d No such waiver existed in this case, the District Court concluded.<\/p>\n<p><em>Implications of the Decision and Inability of Applicants to Obtain Hearing at INTERPOL<\/em><\/p>\n<p>It is no surprise that INTERPOL denied El Omari\u2019s complaint without holding a hearing.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.interpol.int\/en\/Who-we-are\/Commission-for-the-Control-of-INTERPOL-s-Files-CCF\/How-to-submit-a-request\">Under INTERPOL\u2019s rules<\/a>, it adjudicates complaints based on the parties\u2019 written submissions; a hearing is held only if INTERPOL considers it necessary. To this day, more than a decade since the rule was adopted, there seems to be no known case in which INTERPOL held a hearing. Individuals who challenge government abuse of INTERPOL\u2019s channels through its redress mechanism also lack both the right to examine evidence produced against them and the right to appeal INTERPOL\u2019s decisions denying them relief. Moreover, by INTERPOL\u2019s own admission, there have been cases in which governments already found to be in violation of its Red Notice rules were able to use its resources against the same individuals, either by disseminating new requests to seek their arrest or by issuing false alerts that these individuals\u2019 travel documents were lost or stolen. Thus, not only does INTERPOL fail to guarantee individuals due process when it considers their complaints, it also lacks comprehensive enforcement of its own decisions against governments that abuse its channels.<\/p>\n<p>INTERPOL does not seem to be willing to punish governments that violate its rules either. The best known case is Turkey. In 2017, the government of President Erdo<em>\u011fan <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/interpol-denies-reports-of-turkeys-removal-from-database-after-listing-60000-wanted-gulenist-names-115135\">reportedly<\/a><em> tried to put 60,000 individuals it accused of affiliation with the Fethullah G\u00fclen opposition movement on the INTERPOL wanted list, an unprecedented and brazen attempt to abuse the organization\u2019s channels for political purposes. INTERPOL denied reports that it sanctioned Turkey for its conduct. Moreover, this November, Turkey will host INTERPOL\u2019s 89<sup>th<\/sup> General Assembly, the \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.interpol.int\/en\/Who-we-are\/Governance\/General-Assembly\">supreme governing body<\/a><em>\u201d for the organization.\u00a0 This General Assembly <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.interpol.int\/en\/Who-we-are\/Commission-for-the-Control-of-INTERPOL-s-Files-CCF\/Elections-for-Members-of-the-Commission-for-the-Control-of-INTERPOL-s-Files-CCF\">will elect<\/a><em> new members of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.interpol.int\/en\/Who-we-are\/Commission-for-the-Control-of-INTERPOL-s-Files-CCF\/About-the-CCF\">Commission for the Control of INTERPOL\u2019s Files<\/a><em>, which has exclusive jurisdiction to adjudicate complaints against government abuse of the organization\u2019s channels. Members of the Commission are <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.interpol.int\/en\/Who-we-are\/Commission-for-the-Control-of-INTERPOL-s-Files-CCF\/Frequently-Asked-Questions\">elected for a term<\/a><em> of five years and can be reelected for an additional three years.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, the number of Red Notices and other government requests disseminated via INTERPOL continues to grow while victims of INTERPOL abuse are trapped in a vicious circle \u2013 autocracies grow ever more confident that they can abuse the organization with impunity, the latter refuses to reform itself, <em>and democratic governments not only fail to exert any real pressure on INTERPOL but instead shield it from liability, thereby denying victims any recourse.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Managing Member at NEMETS, Washington, D.C.\u00a0 Founder of Red Notice Abuse Report &#8211; RedNoticeAbuse.com @rednoticeabuse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Yuriy L. Nemets[1] &nbsp; For many years, repressive political regimes have used INTERPOL as a powerful tool in politically motivated and otherwise corrupt prosecutions. INTERPOL has established a redress mechanism for victims of such abuse. The mechanism, however, lacks due process and is full of loopholes that allow the abuse to continue. Despite numerous [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[185,36,93,88,77,21,235,63],"tags":[119,149],"class_list":{"0":"post-1643","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-commission-for-the-control-of-interpol-files","7":"category-extradition","8":"category-human-rights","9":"category-international-cooperation","10":"category-international-criminal-law","11":"category-international-organizations","12":"category-internationalorganizationimmunity","13":"category-transparency-and-governance","14":"tag-turkey","15":"tag-united-arab-emirates","16":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>INTERPOL Claims Immunity, Escapes Judicial Review of Lack of Due Process | IELR Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/17\/interpol-claims-immunity-escapes-judicial-review-of-lack-of-due-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"INTERPOL Claims Immunity, Escapes Judicial Review of Lack of Due Process | IELR Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Yuriy L. Nemets[1] &nbsp; For many years, repressive political regimes have used INTERPOL as a powerful tool in politically motivated and otherwise corrupt prosecutions. INTERPOL has established a redress mechanism for victims of such abuse. The mechanism, however, lacks due process and is full of loopholes that allow the abuse to continue. 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