{"id":1823,"date":"2021-12-30T17:08:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T21:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ielrblog.com\/?p=1823"},"modified":"2021-12-30T17:08:01","modified_gmt":"2021-12-30T21:08:01","slug":"gao-publishes-report-on-trafficking-and-money-laundering-required-by-corporate-transparency-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2021\/12\/30\/gao-publishes-report-on-trafficking-and-money-laundering-required-by-corporate-transparency-act\/","title":{"rendered":"GAO Publishes Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Required by Corporate Transparency Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>GAO Publishes Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Required by Corporate Transparency Act<\/p>\n<p>On December 23, 2021, the General Accountability Office (GAO) published\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/gao-22-104807\">Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Strategies Used by Criminal Groups and Terrorists and Federal Efforts to Combat Them<\/a> (GAO-22-104807 53 pp.).<\/p>\n<p>The GAO reviewed how transnational criminal organizations and terrorist groups traffic goods such as illegal drugs, engage in human trafficking, and launder money.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reasons for and Goals of the Report<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Congress\u00a0 included a\u00a0 provision\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 Money Laundering Act of 2020, which was part of the National\u00a0 Defense Authorization\u00a0 Act\u00a0 for\u00a0 Fiscal\u00a0 Year\u00a0 2021, for the\u00a0 GAO\u00a0 to\u00a0 review\u00a0 trafficking and related\u00a0 money\u00a0 laundering\u00a0 and \u00a0create federal efforts\u00a0 to\u00a0 combat\u00a0 them.<\/p>\n<p>The goals of the report are to describe\u00a0 what\u00a0 is\u00a0 known\u00a0 about\u00a0 the money\u00a0 laundering\u00a0 strategies\u00a0 of transnational\u00a0 criminal\u00a0 organizations and\u00a0 terrorists\u00a0 and\u00a0 information-sharing efforts\u00a0 among\u00a0 federal\u00a0 agencies\u00a0 to combat\u00a0 trafficking.<\/p>\n<p><em>Findings- Money Laundering Techniques<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Federal agencies, international organizations, and other commentators, such as non-governmental organizations, have reported that money laundering strategies used by transnational criminal organizations and terrorist groups include sophisticated techniques such as phony trade transactions or purchase and resale of real estate or art.<\/p>\n<p>The techniques can involve the services of professional money laundering networks or service providers in legitimate professions, such as law and accounting. For example, lawyers or accountants can create shell companies (entities with no business operations) to help criminals launder illicit proceeds. Transnational criminal organizations and terrorist groups also continue to smuggle cash in bulk or transmit money electronically across borders.\u00a0 The report also mentions the role of real estate agents, company service providers, and art and antiquities dealers.<\/p>\n<p><em>Federal Efforts to Combat Trafficking and Money Laundering<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Federal\u00a0 efforts\u00a0 to\u00a0 combat\u00a0 trafficking\u00a0 and\u00a0 money\u00a0 laundering\u00a0 incorporate\u00a0 multiple collaborative\u00a0 and\u00a0 information-sharing\u00a0 mechanisms\u00a0 and\u00a0 include\u00a0 the\u00a0 private\u00a0 sector.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Law enforcement\u00a0 agencies\u00a0 cooperate \u00a0through\u00a0 task\u00a0 forces\u00a0 in\u00a0 which\u00a0 they share\u00a0 information\u00a0 and\u00a0 analytical\u00a0 resources\u00a0 to\u00a0 aid\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 investigation\u00a0 and prosecution\u00a0 of\u00a0 drug\u00a0 and\u00a0 other\u00a0 trafficking-related\u00a0 crimes.<\/li>\n<li>Federal\u00a0 agencies\u00a0 share\u00a0 intelligence\u00a0 with\u00a0 foreign\u00a0 counterparts. \u00a0In particular, the\u00a0 Financial\u00a0 Crimes\u00a0 Enforcement\u00a0 Network\u00a0 (FinCEN),\u00a0 a\u00a0 bureau\u00a0 of\u00a0 the Department\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 Treasury,\u00a0 shares\u00a0 information\u00a0 with\u00a0 more\u00a0 than\u00a0 160 international\u00a0 financial\u00a0 intelligence\u00a0 agencies.<\/li>\n<li>FinCEN collaborates\u00a0 with\u00a0 law\u00a0 enforcement\u00a0 agencies\u00a0 to\u00a0 share\u00a0 information with\u00a0 financial\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 on\u00a0 \u201cred\u00a0 flags\u201d\u00a0 for\u00a0 trafficking,\u00a0 which\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 can use\u00a0 to\u00a0 identify\u00a0 and\u00a0 report\u00a0 suspicious\u00a0 transactions.<\/li>\n<li>Under Sec. 314(b) of the USAPATRIOT Act, FinCEN also\u00a0 coordinates\u00a0 a\u00a0 voluntary\u00a0 program\u00a0 that\u00a0 allows\u00a0 financial\u00a0 institutions to\u00a0 share\u00a0 information\u00a0 with\u00a0 one\u00a0 another\u00a0 to\u00a0 better\u00a0 identify\u00a0 and\u00a0 report\u00a0 suspicious activities\u00a0 that\u00a0 may\u00a0 be\u00a0 related to\u00a0 money\u00a0 laundering\u00a0 or\u00a0 other\u00a0 illicit\u00a0 financing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Efforts of the Federal Government to Improve Institution Reporting and Enhance Data Analysis<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The report discusses efforts by federal\u00a0 agencies to undertake initiatives\u00a0 to\u00a0 make information from financial\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 more available\u00a0 or\u00a0 more useful\u00a0 for\u00a0 trafficking-related investigations, and to enhance agencies\u2019\u00a0 ability\u00a0 to analyze such information.<\/p>\n<p><em>FinCEN Advisories<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0 FinCEN\u00a0 attempts to improve the quality\u00a0 of the SAR data it receives\u00a0 from\u00a0 financial\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 by\u00a0 issuing advisories, which include descriptions\u00a0 of trafficking\u00a0 strategies, \u201cred\u00a0 flag\u201d\u00a0 indicators, and other\u00a0 guidance developed in collaboration with law\u00a0 enforcement agencies. The advisories are designed to help institutions better understand \u00a0what transactions \u00a0or customer activities to report to law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p><em>Information sharing between\u00a0 federal agencies and financial institutions<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>FinCEN and law enforcement agencies\u00a0 have programs\u00a0 to share details\u00a0 about how\u00a0 financial\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 could better\u00a0 identify\u00a0 and report data for\u00a0 disrupting\u00a0 money\u00a0 laundering, terrorist financing, and other financial\u00a0 crimes.\u00a0 However, the information generally is shared among limited audiences.\u00a0 For example, in 2017, FinCEN created the FinCEN Exchange.\u00a0 This is a public-private program to enhance information sharing with financial institutions so that FinCEN and law enforcement agencies can receive information that will help them disrupt money laundering and other financial crimes.<\/p>\n<p><em>Information sharing among financial institutions<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>FinCEN coordinates a voluntary program for financial institutions\u00a0 to\u00a0 share information with each other. The goal of the sharing is\u00a0 to help financial institutions\u00a0 better\u00a0 identify\u00a0 and report activities\u00a0 they\u00a0 suspect may\u00a0 involve money\u00a0 laundering or\u00a0 terrorist activities. The program, which is\u00a0 authorized by\u00a0 Section 314(b)\u00a0 of the USA\u00a0 PATRIOT Act, allows\u00a0 financial\u00a0 institutions\u00a0 to share normally\u00a0 private information about customers\u00a0 or\u00a0 transactions\u00a0 when the institutions\u00a0 suspect\u00a0 money\u00a0 laundering or\u00a0 terrorist financing.<\/p>\n<p><em>Analysis<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The GAO Report does not provide analysis or recommendations, but furnishes an opportunity to reflect on the recently enacted Corporate Transparency Act.\u00a0 While it proffers a positive way forward to start catching up with international standards, it obviously falls below in several ways.<\/p>\n<p>The collection of data is limited to those entities which must file with the Secretary of State.\u00a0 As a result, it will miss private trusts and other entities that do not need to file with the Secretary of State.<\/p>\n<p>It remains to be seen whether the way in which FinCEN obtains and maintains the information will be in a standard format internationally so that it can be easily shared with other law enforcement and regulators.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed beneficial ownership regulations under the CTA does not require verification of the information.\u00a0 In addition, contrary to the EU and other systems, the information is not accessible to the public.\u00a0 The lack of verification requirement and the inability of watch-dog non-government organizations and investigating journalists to access the information will deprive the data of a high degree of accuracy.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0 Law of accuracy will diminish its utility.<\/p>\n<p>Even without the analysis and recommendations, the GAO is especially useful in showing how U.S. law enforcement collaborates to scrutinize Suspicious Activity Reports and other data of a beneficial ownership nature to develop criminal investigations and prosecutions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For a useful survey of the beneficial ownership best practices of six countries and their implications, s<em>ee<\/em> Kathy Nicolaou-Manias and Yuchen Wu, <em>Beneficial Ownership and Transparency: Learning from Best Practices<\/em>, 2021 TNTI 248-11, Dec. 29, 2021.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GAO Publishes Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Required by Corporate Transparency Act On December 23, 2021, the General Accountability Office (GAO) published\u00a0 Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Strategies Used by Criminal Groups and Terrorists and Federal Efforts to Combat Them (GAO-22-104807 53 pp.). The GAO reviewed how transnational criminal organizations and terrorist groups [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[79,125,45,14,162,18,19,20,35,5,84,4,80,233,99,46,267,3,11],"tags":[278,275,276,277,279],"class_list":{"0":"post-1823","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-corruption","7":"category-counterterrorism-enforcement","8":"category-cybercrime-and-cryptocurrency","9":"category-data-privacy","10":"category-department-of-justice","11":"category-entity-transparency","12":"category-gatekeeper-obligations","13":"category-immigration-enforcement","14":"category-institutional-cooperation","15":"category-international-tax-enforcement-cooperation","16":"category-international-evidence-gathering","17":"category-money-laundering-and-bank-secrecy","18":"category-national-security","19":"category-ransomware","20":"category-tax-controversy","21":"category-tax-crime-enablers","22":"category-tax-transparency","23":"category-transnational-corruption-money-laundering-and-asset-forfeiture","24":"category-transnational-organized-crime-cybercrime-narcotics","25":"tag-financial-crimes-enforcement-network","26":"tag-general-accountability-office","27":"tag-money-laundering-act-of-2020","28":"tag-national-defense-authorization-act-for-fiscal-year-2021","29":"tag-usapatriot-act","30":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>GAO Publishes Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Required by Corporate Transparency Act | IELR Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2021\/12\/30\/gao-publishes-report-on-trafficking-and-money-laundering-required-by-corporate-transparency-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GAO Publishes Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Required by Corporate Transparency Act | IELR Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GAO Publishes Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Required by Corporate Transparency Act On December 23, 2021, the General Accountability Office (GAO) published\u00a0 Report on Trafficking and Money Laundering Strategies Used by Criminal Groups and Terrorists and Federal Efforts to Combat Them (GAO-22-104807 53 pp.). 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