{"id":1826,"date":"2022-02-01T13:44:45","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T17:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ielrblog.com\/?p=1826"},"modified":"2022-02-01T16:52:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T20:52:00","slug":"report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/01\/report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance\/","title":{"rendered":"Report Recommends UK Plug Gaps in Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On January 19, 2022, the Royal United Services Institute for Defense and Security Studies( RUSI) \u00a0 published the <a href=\"https:\/\/rusi.org\/explore-our-research\/publications\/whitehall-reports\/illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance-uk\">Whitehall Report on Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance in the UK<\/a>.\u00a0 It is s the first independent study to address the UK\u2019s exposure and response to IWT-linked illicit finance.<\/p>\n<p>According to the report, the UK is a leading advocate of the need to \u2018follow the money\u2019 linked to illegal wildlife trade (IWT) on the international stage. Nevertheless, the UK has not focused on examining \u00a0its own domestic record in this area.<\/p>\n<p><em>Overview<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The report uses an open-source literature review, analysis of government enforcement data, a focused \u2018call for evidence\u2019 and 40 semi-structured interviews.\u00a0 The report assesses the UK\u2019s record in relation to the Financial Action Task Force\u2019s (FATF) 2020 call for action in three specific areas: (1) facilitating action by affected countries to assess their exposure to IWT-linked illicit finance; (2) \u00a0ensuring legal powers exist to bring financial charges in relation to IWT offending; and (3) \u00a0engaging in greater numbers of parallel financial investigations in IWT cases.<\/p>\n<p>Authored by Alexandria Reid, Research Fellow in Organized Crime and Policy and Cathy Haenlein, Director, Organized Crime and Policing, the report finds that the UK is currently failing to properly assess its role in laundering the proceeds of IWT.\u00a0\u00a0 The UK has clear processes to determine national wildlife crime priorities.\u00a0 But it lacks an IWT-specific threat assessment or accurate understanding of the scope of IWT-related proceeds laundered in the UK.\u00a0 In that regard, inadequate attention exists to distinguish the movement of IWT products from proceeds.\u00a0 Proceeds may involve the UK, as a global financial center, independent of domestic movements of physical goods.\u00a0 As a result of these gaps, no reliable method exists to quantify the threat, allocate resources or furnish guidance to law enforcement and the private sector.\u00a0 The UK requires an official, national IWT assessment to implement the risk-based approach FATF recommends.<\/p>\n<p><em>Legislation<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The UK has strong laws and authorities to prosecute IWT offenses and associated economic crime.\u00a0 In particular, together the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, the Criminal Finances Act 2017 and the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018, among others, provide ample authority. \u00a0A problem is that these powers are not applied in all relevant IWT cases.\u00a0 Various NGOs have criticized the low level of cases resulting in prosecutions or deterrent sentences.\u00a0 Research shows that courts primarily give offenders financial penalties, followed by suspended sentences.\u00a0 The UK actively supports strict legislation and sentencing guidelines abroad.\u00a0 However, the UK does not treat IWT with the same strictness at home.<\/p>\n<p><em>Enforcement and Parallel Financial Investigations<\/em><\/p>\n<p>With respect to enforcement and parallel financial investigations, the report finds that suspicious activity reports (SARs) are virtually unused as a source of intelligence in IWT cases in the UK.\u00a0 Few SARs exist where IWT is identified as the predicate offenses and low numbers of financial investigations are initiated.\u00a0 \u00a0Law enforcement underuses asset confiscation authorities and small amounts are recovered.\u00a0 For instance, in 2020 law enforcement recovered only \u00a32,455 from IWT cases.\u00a0 The Home Office has promised resourcing to develop financial investigation capacity in the UK National Wildlife Crime Unit.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 However, the unit ultimately depends on frontline law enforcement agencies to lead investigations.\u00a0 Without the high-quality threat assessment required for forces to justify a focus on IWT, it will continue to grapple to ensure that cases are brought.<\/p>\n<p><em>Recommendations<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The report makes recommendations to address the gap between the UK\u2019s support for financial action against IWT abroad and its record at home.\u00a0 They include the need to conduct an official national IWT threat assessment to incentivizing the application of financial investigation powers and strengthening public-private sector cooperation.\u00a0 Importantly, the report also recommends a detailed evaluation of sentencing, reviews of investigations that fail to result in appropriate charges, and improved collection of criminal justice statistics on IWT cases.<\/p>\n<p>The current issue of the IELR will have a more comprehensive discussion of the report.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On January 19, 2022, the Royal United Services Institute for Defense and Security Studies( RUSI) \u00a0 published the Whitehall Report on Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance in the UK.\u00a0 It is s the first independent study to address the UK\u2019s exposure and response to IWT-linked illicit finance. According to the report, the UK is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[247,248,78,98,164,153,17,4,3],"tags":[281,280],"class_list":{"0":"post-1826","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-comparativecriminallaw","7":"category-comparativecriminalprocedure","8":"category-environmental-law","9":"category-extraterritorial-jurisdiction","10":"category-financial-intelligence","11":"category-illicitfinancing","12":"category-international-wildlife-trafficking","13":"category-money-laundering-and-bank-secrecy","14":"category-transnational-corruption-money-laundering-and-asset-forfeiture","15":"tag-royal-united-services-institute-rusi","16":"tag-united-kingdom","17":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Report Recommends UK Plug Gaps in Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance | IELR Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/01\/report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Report Recommends UK Plug Gaps in Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance | IELR Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On January 19, 2022, the Royal United Services Institute for Defense and Security Studies( RUSI) \u00a0 published the Whitehall Report on Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance in the UK.\u00a0 It is s the first independent study to address the UK\u2019s exposure and response to IWT-linked illicit finance. According to the report, the UK is [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ielrblog.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/01\/report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IELR Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/m.facebook.com\/intlenforcementlawreporter\/?ref=bookmarks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-01T17:44:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-01T20:52:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruce Zagaris\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ielr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ielr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruce Zagaris\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ielrblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/01\\\/report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ielrblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/01\\\/report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bruce Zagaris\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ielrblog.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e491a7e89d418cb82a8c67687806ab66\"},\"headline\":\"Report Recommends UK Plug Gaps in Illegal Wildlife Trade and Illicit Finance\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-01T17:44:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-01T20:52:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ielrblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/01\\\/report-recommends-uk-plug-gaps-in-illegal-wildlife-trade-and-illicit-finance\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":658,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"Royal United Services Institute (RUSI)\",\"United Kingdom\"],\"articleSection\":[\"comparativecriminallaw\",\"comparativecriminalprocedure\",\"Environmental Law\",\"extraterritorial jurisdiction\",\"financial intelligence\",\"illicitfinancing\",\"International Wildlife Trafficking\",\"Money Laundering &amp; 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